洋蔥

貓咪可能出現的症狀

由嚴重到輕微排列。

1. 1
   呼吸急促、呼吸困難與發紺 攝取後數天 · This is a compensatory response to systemic tissue hypoxia and methemoglobinemia, with cyanosis indicating a life-threatening lack of oxygen in the blood.
2. 2
   虛脫與死亡 24 小時內（大劑量攝取）或攝取後數天 · Death occurs when oxidative damage to the blood, severe hemolytic anemia, and resulting tissue hypoxia are extensive and overwhelm the animal's bodily systems.
3. 3
   精神萎靡、虛弱與抑鬱 延遲數天後（通常 3–5 天） · These symptoms emerge as a secondary response to systemic hypoxia caused by the profound loss of oxygen-carrying red blood cells.
4. 4
   黏膜蒼白或黃疸 延遲數天後（通常 3–5 天） · Pale gums indicate a lack of oxygenated blood (anemia), while jaundice (yellowing of the skin/mucosa) indicates severe red blood cell destruction leading to hyperbilirubinemia.
5. 5
   心跳過速與心雜音 攝取後數天 · Tachycardia develops as the heart pumps faster to compensate for impaired oxygen transportation45. In one documented feline case, a grade IV heart murmur was also observed upon physical examination.
6. 6
   血紅素尿（深色尿液） 攝取後數天（通常 3–5 天） · This is a hallmark sign of severe poisoning caused by damaged red blood cells rupturing and releasing hemoglobin, which is then excreted through the kidneys3. This process can lead to secondary acute kidney injury known as hemoglobinuric nephrosis.
7. 7
   體溫過低與畏寒 攝取後數天 · Affected cats may present with an abnormally low body temperature, measured as low as 36.6 °C in one clinical case.
8. 8
   嘔吐、腹瀉、腹痛與食慾不振 1 天內（或延遲至 2–4 天） · These are usually the first clinical signs of toxicosis to appear, frequently resulting in dehydration.

重要提醒

洋蔥（Allium cepa）對貓咪具有嚴重的毒性，非常危險。就像大蒜、韭蔥等蔥屬植物一樣，洋蔥含有複雜的硫化物，會直接攻擊並破壞貓咪的紅血球。 當貓咪吃下洋蔥的任何部分時，這些成分會在血液中造成氧化壓力，導致紅血球破裂死亡。這種情況被稱為溶血性貧血，會讓貓咪的身體極度缺乏氧氣。像是虛弱、牙齦蒼白、呼吸急促，以及排出紅褐色尿液等症狀，可能不會立刻出現，通常在吃下洋蔥的 3 到 5 天後才會浮現。 所有形式的洋蔥都一樣致命：無論是生吃、煮熟、脫水或磨成粉。洋蔥裡的毒素不會因為加熱而被破壞，其中「洋蔥粉」因為濃度極高，更是危險萬分。嬰兒食品、高湯、肉汁和各種調理食品中經常隱藏著洋蔥粉。絕對不要讓貓咪吃到任何含有洋蔥的食物；如果你懷疑貓咪吃到了洋蔥，請立即聯絡獸醫或急診動物醫院。

• 有毒化合物：二丙基二硫醚 (N-propyl disulfide) 和有機硫化合物；所有形式均有毒
• 機制：血紅蛋白的氧化損傷會產生海因茲小體；脾臟會破壞受損的紅血球，導致溶血性貧血
• 症狀：精神萎靡、虛弱、牙齦蒼白或發黃、呼吸急促、食慾不振、尿液呈紅褐色；發作通常延遲 3–5 天
• 嬰兒食品、高湯、肉汁或預製餐點中的洋蔥粉是常見的隱藏毒性來源
• 絕不要與貓分享任何含有洋蔥的食物；若懷疑攝取，請立即聯繫獸醫