Holly

Symptoms reported in cats

Most serious first.

1. 1
   Vomiting and Diarrhea Acute (Clinical signs can occur after ingesting as few as two berries). · Saponins act as soap-like detergents that cause severe irritation to the mucosal lining of the stomach and intestines. This is the most common manifestation of holly poisoning.Hypersalivation (Drooling)
2. 2
   Abdominal Pain Acute. · The cat may hunch over or vocalize due to the cramping and irritation caused by the plant toxins moving through the digestive tract.
3. 3
   Excessive Drooling (Ptyalism) or Lip Smacking Immediate (Upon chewing or ingestion). · This is caused by both the chemical irritation from the saponins and the mechanical injury from the sharp, spiny leaves puncturing or scratching the sensitive tissues of the mouth and throat.
4. 4
   Lethargy or Depression Acute (Following GI symptoms). · The cat may appear tired or unresponsive, often as a secondary reaction to the pain and dehydration associated with vomiting and diarrhea.
5. 5
   Head Shaking or Pawing at Mouth Immediate. · The leathery, spiny leaves of many holly varieties (Ilex aquifolium) can physically damage the oral cavity, leading to behavior that suggests mouth discomfort.

Important notes

Holly (Ilex spp.) includes many shrubs and trees with glossy leaves and bright berries. It is toxic to cats, and the berries are often the easiest part for a cat to find or swallow. Holly contains saponins and other irritating compounds. These can upset the stomach and intestines. The sharp leaves can also irritate the mouth, while fallen berries may attract curious cats during the holiday season. A cat that eats holly may drool, vomit, have diarrhea, smack the lips, or seem uncomfortable. Keep holly decorations and outdoor berries away from cats. Call a veterinarian if your cat eats several berries, vomits repeatedly, or seems weak.

• Toxic compounds: saponins (ilicin and related compounds), methylxanthine-related compounds, trace cyanogens in berries
• Mechanism: saponins cause intense GI mucosal irritation; systemic absorption may cause CNS and cardiac effects at higher doses
• Symptoms: severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, excessive head shaking, drooling; even 1–2 berries can cause significant symptoms
• All holly species should be treated as hazardous — both fresh plants and dried/decorative holly
• Contact your vet if any holly berry ingestion is suspected